Jesus in Scripture
- The New Testament Parables
Parable is the name given to similitudes drawn from nature
or from human experience, especially those containing a short narrative, that
Christ used to convey the spiritual meaning of the mysteries He came to teach
the world.
There is no sharp line to distinguish parables from the minor
metaphors and similes that are a feature of Christs pedagogy. Scholars commonly
agree that there are no parables in the Gospel of St. John. The fourth Gospel
does, however, contain sayings that Jesus used about Himself which resemble
parables, e.g., He called Himself the Good Shepherd. But parables in the strict
sense are found only in the Synoptic Gospels.
Understandably there is divergence among authorities regarding
the classification of the parables. Our grouping is based on the general idea
of the Kingdom of God. Moreover, we subdivide this large classification into
three categories, namely parables dealing with the Kingdom of God as such; those
treating of membership in the Kingdom and those concerned with the conduct or
responsibilities of persons who belong to Gods Kingdom, and finally those parables
revealing the Head of the Kingdom and His relationship to its members.
I. Parables of the Kingdom of Heaven and its Gradual Development, its Nature and Activity
- The Sower (Matthew 13:3-9, 18-23; Mark 4:3-9, 13-21; Luke 8:5-8, 11-15).
- The Seed Cast into the Ground (Mark 4:26-29).
- The Tares or Cockle (Matthew 13:24-30, 37-43).
- The Mustard Seed (Matthew 13:31+; Mark 4:30-32; Luke 13:18+).
- The Leaven (Matthew 13:33; Luke 13:20+).
- The Hidden Treasure (Matthew 13:44).
- The Pearl of Great Price (Matthew 13:45+).
- The Fishing Net (Matthew 13:47-50).
- The Great Harvest and the Few Laborers (Matthew 9:37+; Luke 10:2).
- The Bridegroom and the Wedding Guests (Matthew 9:14+; Mark 2:18-20; Luke 5:33-35).
- The Old Garment and the Old Wine Bottles (Matthew 9:16+; Mark 2:21+; Luke 5:36-38).
- Old and New Wine (Luke 5:39).
- The Wayward Children (Matthew 11:16-19; Luke 7:31-35).
- Real Defilement (Matthew 5:10+; 15:20; Mark 7:14-23).
- Uprooted Plants and Blind Leaders of the Blind (Matthew 15:13+; Luke 6:39).
- The Children and the Dogs (Matthew 15:26+; Mark 7:27+).
- The Kingdom of Christ and the Kingdom of Satan (Matthew 12; Mark 3; Luke 11).
- The Laborers in the Vineyard (Matthew 20:1-16).
- The Two Sons (Matthew 21:28-32).
- The Wicked Husbandman (Matthew 21:33-46; Mark 12:1-12; Luke 20:9-19).
- The Marriage of the Kings Son (Matthew 22:1-14).
- The Great Supper (Luke 14:16-24).
- The Signs of the End (Matthew 24:32+; Mark 13:28+; Luke 21:29-31).
- The Body and the Eagles (Matthew 24:28; Luke 17:37).
II. Parables Concerning the Members of the Kingdom of God Individually and their Responsibilities
- The Barren Fig-Tree (Luke 13:6-9).
- The Good Tree and the Bad (Matthew 7:16-20; 12:33-35; Luke 6:43-45).
- The Pharisee and the Publican (Luke 18:9-14).
- The Last Place at the Feast (Luke 14:7-11).
- The Poor Guests (Luke 14:12-14).
- The Rich Fool (Luke 12:16-21).
- The Vigilant Servants (Mark 13:33-37; Luke 12:35-38).
- The Thief in the Night (Matthew 24:43+; Luke 12:39+).
- The Faithful Steward (Matthew 24:45-51; Luke 12:41-48).
- The Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13).
- The Closed Doors (Luke 13:25-30).
- The Five Talents (Matthew 25:14-30).
- The Pounds (Luke 19:11-27).
- The Unprofitable Servants (Luke 17:7-10).
- The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-37).
- The Unjust Steward (Luke 16:1-9).
- The Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31).
- Serving Two Masters (Matthew 6:24; Luke 16:13).
- The Unmerciful Servant (Matthew 18:23-35).
- The Mote and the Beam (Matthew 7:3-5; Luke 6:41+).
- Pearls before Swine (Matthew 7:6).
- The Son Asks His Father for Bread (Matthew 7:9-11; Luke 11:11-13).
- The Friend Coming at Midnight(Luke 11:5-8).
- The Unjust Judge (Luke 18:1-8).
- The Two Debtors (Luke 7:41-43).
- The Salt of the Earth (Matthew 5:13; Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34+).
- The Lamp on the Lampstand, and the City on the Mountain (Matthew 5:14-16; Mark 4:21; Luke 8:16; 11:33).
- The Builder, the King Going to War (Luke 14:28-33).
- The Disciples, Servants and the Household (Matthew 10:24+; Luke 6:40; John 13:16; 15:20).
- The Prudent Householder (Matthew 13:52).
- The House Built on a Rock and the House Built on Sand (Matthew 7:24-27; Luke 6:47-49).
III. Parables on the Head of the Kingdom and His Relation to His Members
- The Light of the World (John 3:19-21; 8:12; 9:5; 12:35+, 46).
- The Grain of Wheat (John 12:24+).
- The Vine (John 15:1-8).
- The Kings Son Free from Tribute (Matthew 17:23-26).
- The Physician (Matthew 9:12+; Mark 7:12; Luke 5:31+).
- The Good Shepherd (John 10:1-16).
- The Lost Sheep (Matthew 18:12-14; Luke 15:3-7).
- The Lost Coin (Luke 15:8-10).
- The Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-32).
Note: the above list of parables is all but exhaustive.
It includes what some writers consider parables in the Gospel of St. John. It
also includes short parabolic statements that follow the pattern of full-length
parables, and are to be interpreted in the same way.
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